Jumat, Agustus 15, 2014

25 Most Useful Phrasal Verbs

1. Add up
a- To be added together and equal the expected or correct total.
Example: “We added up the apples: there were 12″
b-To make sense : to seem to be logical or true.
Example: “Her story didn’t add up, I think she was lying, it didn’t make sense”
2. Blow up
a- To fill (something) with air or gas
Example: “Please could you blow up those balloons?”
b- To explode or to cause (something, such as a bomb) to explode.
Example: “The building was blown up by a bomb”
c- To become very angry.
Example: “When I said I couldn’t go to her party, she blew up”
3. Bring up
a- To take care of and teach (a child who is growing up).
Example: “Their grandparents brought them up because their parents were always travelling”
b- To mention (something) when talking : to start to talk about (something).
Example: “Don’t bring up the fight again, please!”
4. Call off
a- To stop doing or planning to do (something) .
Example: “Maria called off the wedding, she decided she didn’t love him”
b- To cause or tell (a person or animal) to stop attacking, chasing, etc.
Example: “Call off your dog! He’s attacking my cat”
5. Carry on
a- To continue to do what you have been doing
Example: “Sorry I interrupted, carry on talking!”
b- To behave or speak in an excited or foolish way.
Example: “The little boy was carrying on: shouting and kicking all day long”
6. Come across
a- To seem to have a particular quality or character : to make a particular impression.
Example: “Julia came across as a bit bossy”
b- To be expressed to someone.
Example: “I tried to sound happy but it came across as over-excited”
c- To meet or find (something or someone) by chance.
Example: “Luis was leaving the fruit shop and he came across Tom, what a coincidence”
7. Come up with
a- To get or think of (something that is needed or wanted).
Example: “We finally came up with a solution to the problem!”
8. Fall apart
a- To break into parts in usually a sudden and unexpected way,
Example: “My cake fell apart when I tried to cut it”
b- To become unable to live in a normal way because you are experiencing a lot of confusion or emotional pain
Example: “After the divorce, she fell apart”
9. Get along
a- To be or remain friendly
Example: “We’re not together anymore, but we get along great”
b- To make progress while doing something.
Example: “How are you getting along at playing the guitar?”
c- To leave a place
Example: “It was lovely to see you, but my friend has to get along, she has class”
d- To become old.
Example: “Her grandma is getting along; she’s almost 99″
10. Get away
a- To go away from a place.
Example: “I can0t wait to get away from the city”
b- To avoid being caught : to escape
Example: “The thieves managed to get away in a stolen car
c- To not be criticized or punished for (something).
Example: “Yvonne is always lying, I can’t understand how she gets away with it”
11. Get over
a- To stop being controlled or bothered by (something, such as a problem or feeling).
Example: “I got over my fear of flying”
b- To stop feeling unhappy about (something).
Example: “Finally, Kylie got over her ex-boyfriend”
c- To become healthy again after (an illness).
Example: “Have you heard? Dave has gotten over the flu”
12. Give up -
a- To stop an activity or effort : to admit that you cannot do something and stop trying
Example: “We all gave up smoking on January 1st”
13. Go on -
a- To continue.
Example: “They landed in Paris and then went on to Montpellier”
b- To go or travel to a place before another person or group that is with you.
Example: “You go on to the restaurant, I’ll come in 10 minutes”
c- To happen
Example: “What’s going on? What’s happening?”
d- Used in speech to urge someone to do something
Example: “Go on! Try it, it’s delicious”
14. Hold on
a- To have or keep your hand, arms, etc., tightly around something.
Example: “Hold on to the railing, that way you won’t fall”
b- To succeed in keeping a position, condition, etc.
Example: “I will hold on to my job until May”
15. Look after -
a- To take care of (someone or something).
Example: “The nurse looked after the patient for months, until he was better”
16. Look forward to
a- To expect (something) with pleasure.
Example: “William is really looking forward to going on holiday”
17. Look up
a- Improve.
Example: “The economy is finally looking up”
b- To search for (something) in a reference book, on the Internet, etc.
Example: “Let’s look up his number in the yellow pages”
18. Make out -
a- To write down the required information on (something, such as a check).
Example: “Who shall I make the check out to?”
b- To hear and understand (something)
Example: “I can’t make out what you’re saying, can you speak louder?”
c- To kiss and touch for a long time in a sexual way.
Example: “We made out in the back of his car”
19. Pass out
a- To fall asleep or become unconscious.
Example: “Lisa was so tired, she got home and passed out on the sofa”
b- to give (something) to several or many people.
Example: “I passed out leaflets with information on our course”
20. Pull over -
a- To move a vehicle to the side of the road and stop.
Example: “That looks like a lovely restaurant, can you pull the car over and park?”
21. Put down
a- To place (someone or something that you have been holding or carrying) on a table, on the floor, etc.
Example: “You can put the suitcases down in the bedroom”
b- To write (something) : to record (something) in writing
Example: “He put down his memories to write a book when he was older”
c- To give (an amount of money) as a first payment when you are buying something that costs a lot of money
Example: “My husband and I are going to put down some money to buy that house in the centre of town”
d- To kill (an animal) in a way that causes it little pain usually because it is injured or sick
Example: “Jessica had to have her rabbit put down; it was very sick”
22. Put off
a- To decide that (something) will happen at a later time : postpone.
Example: “Graham was so tired he put the shoppin off until next week”
b- To cause (someone) to dislike someone or something
Example: “You’re putting me off my food, stop talking about insects!”
23. Put up with
a- To allow (someone or something unpleasant or annoying) to exist or happen.
Example: “My mother won’t put up with my sisters or I swearing”
24. Turn up
a- To be found usually unexpectedly.
Example: “Oh! My phone turned up in my bed!”
b- To arrive at a place
Example: “As always, Julian turned up late”
c- To increase the volume, temperature, etc., of something by pressing a button, moving a switch, etc.
Example: “Please turn the music up, I love this song!”
25. Watch out
a- To be aware of something dangerous.
Example: “Watch out in the mountain, there are bears there!”



Source:
http://www.abaenglish.com/blog/english-grammar-learn-english-with-aba/25-most-useful-phrasal-verbs/

Rabu, Agustus 13, 2014

Farafra (Egypt White Desert)




Farafra has an estimated 5,000 inhabitants (2002) mainly living in the town of Farafra and is mostly inhabited by the local Bedouins. Parts of the town have complete quarters of traditional architecture, simple, smooth, unadorned, all in mud colour. Local pride has also secured endeavours to secure local culture. Also located near Farafra are the hot springs at Bir Sitta and the El-Mufid lake.
A main geographic attraction of Farafra is its White Desert (known as Sahara el Beyda, with the word sahara meaning a desert). The White Desert is a national park of Egypt and is located 45 km (28 mi) north of the town of Farafra. The desert centerpiece is its rock colored from snow-white to cream color. It has massive chalk rock formations that are text-book examples of ventifact and which have been created as a result of occasional sandstorm in the area. The Farafra desert is a typical place visited by some schools in Egypt, as a location for camping trips. The Desert was also the featured location in the music video for "Echoes" by the Klaxons.
"Jasrmmd road, and the locally developed clays at the top of the white chalk west of Qasr Farafra. As Zittel placed the beds at the former place below the White Chalk, this new position assigned to them may be regarded as provisional until confirmed or disproved by palaeontological evidence derived from the latter locality.

Source:
Wikipedia

Senin, April 14, 2014

Mansurah


Mansoura (Arabic: المنصورة‎ al-Manṣūra, IPA: [el.mɑnˈsˤuːɾɑ], unurbanized accent: [el.mænˈsˤuːɾe]) is a city in Egypt, with a population of 480,494. It is the capital of the Dakahlia Governorate.

Mansoura in Arabic means "victorious". The city is named after the Egyptian victory over Louis IX of France during the Seventh Crusade.

HISTORY
Mansoura was established in 1219 by al-Kamil of the Ayyubid dynasty. After the Egyptians defeated the Crusaders during the Sixth Crusade, it was named Mansoura (aka. "The Victorious").

In the Seventh Crusade, the Capetians were defeated and put to flight; between fifteen to thirty thousand of their men fell on the battlefield. Louis IX of France was captured in the main Battle of Mansoura, and confined in the house of Ibrahim ben Lokman, secretary of the sultan, and under the guard of the eunuch Sobih. The king's brother was imprisoned in the same house. The sultan provided for their sustenance. The house of Ibrahim ben Lokman is now the only museum in Mansoura. It is open to the public and houses articles that used to belong to the French monarch, including his personal thirteenth century toilet.

The Mansura Air Battle on October 14, 1973 occurred during the Yom Kippur War. Israeli Air Force fighters attacking Egyptian air bases were intercepted by the Egyptian Air Force. On that day, 160 jet fighters, most belonging to Israel, battled for 53 minutes over Mansoura. Despite the numerical and qualitative superiority of the Israeli warplanes, 18 Israeli planes were downed. The rest retreated.Egypt announced the loss of six planes, only three of which fell to Israeli fire. The Egyptian government subsequently changed the country’s "Air Force Day" from November 2 to October 14, to commemorate the Mansoura Air Battle.

LOCATION
Mansoura lies on the east bank of the Damietta branch of the Nile, in the Delta region. Mansoura is about 120 km northeast of Cairo. Across from the city, on the opposite bank of the Nile, is the town of Talkha.

CULTURE
The Egyptian Arabic dialect spoken by Mansoura's population is a northern Egyptian Arabic dialect, with noticeable influences from the city's surrounding rural villages, each of which has contributed to the city's population over the years. There are some similarities to Alexandrian Egyptian Arabic in some aspects of pronunciation.

Mansoura National Museum used to be Dar Ibn Lockman, the house where Louis IX was imprisoned in 1250 during the Seventh Crusade. Displayed in the museum are the suits of mail and swords of the crusaders, as well as a collection of maps. Huge paintings depict the Battle of Mansoura.

The Mansoura branch of the National Library was recently inaugurated as the Mansoura Misr Library.

Mansoura is famous for its architectural style, especially the Shinnawi Palace (after Mohamed Bek El-Shinnawi, a member of the Wafd Party). It was built by an Italian architect in 1928. The mosque of El-Saleh Ayoub El-Kebir is one of the most important in Mansoura. It was built by a loyal servant of the Sultan and is located in Al-Sagha Street that separates "Old Mansoura" from the modern city.

Like Cairo, Alexandria and Port Said, Mansoura was home to a flourishing Greek community until the Nasser era, when many were forced to leave. Many of the older and best established shops and businesses around the city still bear their original Greek names. The first Old English school in the city was established on the site of the old Greek school in the Toriel area, one of the traditionally relatively affluent residential districts of the city.

EDUCATION
University of Mansoura
The University of Mansoura was founded in 1962, initially as a branch of Cairo University. The Mohamed Ghonim Urology and Nephrology center of Mansoura University is considered to be the best kidney center in the Middle East and Africa.

Mansoura has a sports stadium (Mansoura Stadium) which is home to its football team.

Source:
Wikipedia

Tanta

                       


Tanta (Egyptian Arabic: طنطا Ṭanṭa  pronounced [ˈtˤɑntˤɑ]) is a city in Egypt. It is the country's fifth largest populated area, with an estimated 429,000 inhabitants (2008).Tanta is located 94 km (58 mi) north to Cairo and 130 km (81 mi) southeast of Alexandria. The capital of the Gharbia Governorate, it is a centre for the cotton-ginning industry and the main railroad hub of the Nile Delta.
OVERVIEW
Tanta is known for its sweets, eaten during the Maulid (Arabic: المولد‎) festivals. The main streets are Al- Bahr (Algeish) Street, Al-Galaa Street, Al-Nahaas Street, Hassan Radwan Street, Saeed Street and El-Helw Street.

Tanta has cotton ginning factories and textile industries, and is also a university town (Tanta University since 1972)and an institute attached to the El-Azhar University in Cairo as well as the seat of a Metropolitan of the Coptic Church.


This city comes to life in late October at the end of the cotton harvest. About two million people from around the Delta and other parts of the Arab world come for the Moulid of Sayid Ahmed el-Badawi, which is an eight day celebration. The moulid is centered around the Mosque and Tomb of Sayid Ahmed el Badawi. El Badawi was the founder of one of Egypt's largest Sufi orders called Badawiya. He was born in Morocco, but emigrated to Arabia. He was sent to Tanta in 1234 as a representative of the order from Iraq. He was given permission to start a new order in Tanta and it soon flourished. His tomb was destroyed in the mid-nineteenth century but another was built and is the center of the festival. During the festival many sugar-coated nuts called 'hubb el Azziz' ('seeds of the Beloved Prophet') are eaten. They have been considered a delicacy since ancient times. The Museum of Tanta contains collections from the present day back to Pharaonic times.

HISTORY
Three annual festivals are held in Tanta in honor of Ahmad al-Badawi, a revered Sufi figure of the 13th century, who founded the El-Ahmadiah tariqah and is buried in the main mosque of the city (see Egyptian festivals).

FAMOUS PEOPLE BORN IN TANTA
Kamal Amin (Arabic: كمال أمين‎‎) (1923–1979) Egyptian Artist.
Abdu Al-Hamouli (Arabic: عبده الحامولى‎‎) (1836–1901) Arab-Egyptian singer in the second half of the 1800s.
Mahmoud Khalil Al-Hussary (Arabic: محمود خليل الحصرى‎‎) (1917–1980) Renowned reciter of the Qur'an.
Mohamed Fawzi (Arabic: محمد فوزى‎‎), (1918–1966) Egyptian composer, singer, and actor.
Naima Akef (Arabic: نعيمة عاكف‎‎) (1939–1966) Egyptian bellydancer and movie superstar.
Doria Shafiq (Arabic: درية شفيق‎‎) (1908–1975) On9e of the few who led the Women's Liberation Movement in Egypt in the early 1950s.
Dr. Osama abou Hammer NeuroPsychiatrist Consultant based In London, simplified the disease strikes Psychological and Behavioral problems in Media.
Mustafa Kamil Pasha (1874–1908) Egyptian nationalist leader, orator, and editor.
Ahmed Hegazy (1936 - ) Popularly known as "Hegazy" - caricature artist.
Nasr Abu Zayd "Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd" (1943–2010) Egyptian Qur'anic thinker and a liberal theologian in Islam.
Ahmed Khaled Tawfik (1962 - ) Egyptian author.
Ahmed Gamal Runner-up of the second season of Arab Idol
Amina Rizk (1910–2003) Egyptian actress.

Source:
Wikipedia

Rabu, Maret 26, 2014

Egypt Photo Summit 2014









My Ticket's number is 001711 was bought yesterday (15:30) from "Camertak"store. 




The biggest community event for Photography in Egypt
March 29th and 30th , The GreEEK Campus ( Previously AUC ) in Down Town

First Day Schedule ( Saturday March 29th )
10-11 Opening& Registration
11-12 Ahmed Hayman - Visual storytelling
12-1 Fadi Gwani -The art of wedding management
1-2 Khaled Nour -“Evolution of Light" Off-Camera Flash Discovery
2-3 Marwan Abdel Alim -Fashion Photography Photographer's identity and market identity
3-4 Mohamed Gabr -Visualization in the life of the photographer.
4-4:15 Nikon School in Egypt
4:15-6 Shutter Crowd
6-7 AymanLotfy -How to excel in world of photography
7-8 Yehia El Alaily -Food Photography & More
8-9 Nader El Hareedi -Photography And The Expression Through The Lens


Second Day Schedule (Sunday March 30th )
10-11am Opening
11-12 Youssef Mazhar -Photography programs on TV A quick scrutiny
12-1 Abdelnasser Elnoury -فكرةالصورةالصحفيةوتأثيرهافيوعيالمشاهد
1-2 Abi Naguib -Philosophy of the image - conceptual photography and the search for identity.
2-3 Fady Elnaggar -The Photographer’s Mind
3-4 Sara Mostafa -Abstract Photography
4-5 MostafaElshershaby -مكافحة ظاهرة العداء للفوتوغرافية.
5-6 Mohamed ElMaymony -Alternative photography
6-7 Mohamed Alaa -Love Story Project
7-9 Shutter Crowd


THE PICTURES:

Fadi Gwani - The art of wedding management



Fadi Gwani - The art of wedding management
 Khaled Nour -“Evolution of Light" Off-Camera Flash Discovery


Marwan Abdel Alim -Fashion Photography Photographer's identity and market identity


Mostafa Elshershaby

• "Mari mengubah wajah Fotografi di Mesir" - 
Mostafa Elshershaby
• "Jangan takut, kita bukan musuh Negara, Negara mengatur hak-hak Fotografer" - Mostafa Elshershaby
• "Jangan putus hubungan, terus 'tawasul', cetak foto mereka, murah kok" - Mostafa Elshershaby


Mohamed El-Maymony - Alternative photography

• "Saya tidak tahu kenapa saya suka Fotografi (klasik)" - 
Mohamed El-Maymony


  
Mohamed El-Maymony mencontohkan cara penggunaannya


Sara Mostafa - Abstract Photography 


Mohamed Alaa - Love Story Project


Pameran Foto "Egypt Photo Summit 2014"



"Angle" by Aris Amir 



Shutter Crowd in Silhouette


Closing Ceremony



Lens Filters

1. UV/Clear/Haze Filter
For: Any
Protects the front element of a lens from dust, dirt, moisture and potential scratches. High quality UV filters can be permanently mounted on lenses with a minimum impact on image quality.

2. Polarizing Filter
For: Any
Filters out polarized light, dramatically reducing reflections, enhancing colors and increasing contrast. Can be used for any type of photography. Polarizing filters are typically circular, allowing for easy control of the effect of polarization.

3. Neutral Density (ND) Filter
For: Landscape, Flash Photography
Reduces the amount of light entering the lens, thus decreasing camera shutter speed. Useful for situations where motion blur needs to be created (rivers, waterfalls, moving people) or large apertures must be used with flash to avoid overexposure.

4. Hard-Edge Graduated Neutral Density (GND) Filter
For: Landscape Photography
Hard-edge GND filters are primarily used in high contrast situations, where the sky is much brighter than the foreground and the horizon is flat. These filters are always rectangular (giving the ability to move them in all directions) and are typically used with filter holders.

5. Soft-Edge Graduated Neutral Density (GND) Filter
For: Landscape Photography
Soft-edge GND filters are also used in high contrast situations, but where the horizon is not necessarily flat. The soft edge allows for smoother transitions, making the use of a filter less evident. Soft-edge GND filters are also rectangular and are normally used with filter holders.

6. Reverse Graduated Neutral Density (GND) Filter
For: Landscape Photography
The reverse GND is a specialized filter used by landscape photographers when shooting against the sun while it is setting close to the horizon. While a regular GND filter gradually transitions from dark to clear towards the center, a reverse GND filter transitions from dark to less dark from the center to the edge.

7. Color/Warming/Cooling Filter
For: Any
Corrects colors, resulting in a change in camera white balance. Some color filters can subtract colors, blocking one type of color and allowing other colors through. These types of filters were popular for film. They are rarely used in digital photography, since their effects can be easily applied in post-processing.

8. Close-Up Filter
For: Macro Photography
Also known as “diopter”, a close-up filter allows a lens to focus closer on subjects. These filters are only used for macro photography.Special Effects FilterAnyThere are a few different types of special effects filters. Star filters make bright objects look star-like; softening/diffusion filters create a “dreamy” look used for portraits, multivision filters create multiple copies of a subject; infrared filters block infrared and pass visible light; bokeh filters have a certain shape cut in the middle of the filter that makes bokeh highlights have the same shape, etc.

Source:
http://photographylife.com/lens-filters-explained#ixzz2x3c1X7oK

Selasa, Maret 25, 2014

The Future tense

1. Predictions/statements of fact
2. Intentions
3. Arrangements
4. Scheduled events

Predictions/statements of fact

The auxiliary verb will is used in making predictions or simple statements of fact about the future.
  • The sun will rise at 6.30 tomorrow.
  • Lunch break today will be 10 minutes longer than usual.
  • In the year 2050 all students will have their own computers in school.
  • If you help me, I will help you.
  • Do you think she will come soon?
  • You won't pass your exams if you don't start working harder.
  • I know my parents won't let me go to the party.
  • Will it snow for Christmas?
  • I know she's sick, but will she be back in school tomorrow?

Intentions

The auxiliary verb going to is used in talking about intentions. (An intention is a plan for the future that you have already thought about.)
  • We're going to buy a new car next month.
  • I'm going to work in a bank when I leave school.
  • In the new year I'm going to stop eating so much junk.
  • He's not going to go to the dance. He's got too much work.
  • I'm not going to watch TV until my science project is finished.
  • Are you going to play basketball after school?
  • What are you going to have for lunch today?
Note: going to is often used in the past tense to talk about an unfulfilled intention. Examples: I was going to study for my grammar test, but I had no time. / He was going to call you, but he couldn't find his mobile phone. / My grandmother was going to visit us, but she fell and broke her arm.

Arrangements

The present continuous tense is used in talking about arrangements. (An arrangement is is a plan for the future that you have already thought about and discussed with someone else.)
  • I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.
  • Our grandparents are visiting us this Christmas.
  • Sorry, I can't stay after school today; I'm playing tennis with Jun-Sik.
  • My sister's going to the dentist tomorrow.
  • I'm not returning home for the holidays, so I can come to your party after all!
  • Are you doing anything on Sunday morning?
  • Do you know if he is going to the dance with Maiko next week?

Scheduled events

The present simple tense is usually used to refer to future events that are scheduled (and outside of our control).
  • Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.
  • leave Frankfurt at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive in New York
  • at midnight the next day.
  • She has an appointment with the headmaster after school today.
  • There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for another 30 minutes.
  • When does the meeting begin?
Source:
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/future.htm




The Past Simple Tense

1. For actions that happened in the past
2. In reported speech
3. In conditional sentences

For actions that happened in the past

The past simple is the most usual tense for talking about things that happened or have finished before now. Very often we use a word or expression of finished time with this tense. In the following example sentences the expressions of finished time are shown in bold:
  • She came to Germany two years ago.
  • It rained every day for a week on my vacation.
  • Columbus discovered America in 1492.
  • I played tennis at the weekend.
  • I didn't see you yesterday. Were you in school?
  • My mother went shopping on Saturday but she didn't buy anything.
  • I felt embarrassed when the teacher asked an easy question but I didn't know the answer.
  • The weather was bad this afternoon* so we didn't have a picnic as planned.
  • How did you do that?
  • Did you see the film on TV last night?
  • Why didn't you do your homework?
* In this sentence the speaker is talking in the evening, so for her this afternoonis finished time.

In reported speech

In reported speech it is common to shift the tense back. So for example, if someone said something to you in the present tense, you would report it in the past tense. Look at these examples. In each case the first sentence is direct speech and the second sentence is in reported speech. The verbs in the past simple form are shown in bold.

  • She said: "I live in Frankfurt."
    She told me she lived in Frankfurt. *


  • He said: "I can speak 5 languages."
    He said he could speak 5 languages.


  • The new girl said: "My father is a millionaire!"
    The new girl told me her father was a millionaire but I don't believe her!


  • She said: "My mother doesn't like German food."
    She said her mother didn't like German food.


  • He said: "I don't feel well."
    He said he didn't feel well.


  • She asked: "Do you like ESL lessons?"
    She asked me if I liked ESL lessons.

  • The teacher said: "Do you know the answer?"
    The teacher asked me if I knew the answer.
* It is common in modern spoken English to NOT change the tense if you believe that what someone told you is still true. So, for example, we could say:
  • She said she lives in Frankfurt.
  • She told me her mother doesn't like German food.

In conditional sentences

The past simple tense is used in conditional 2 sentences. Have a look at some examples before reading the explanation about what the conditional 2 is. The verbs in past simple form are shown in bold.
  • I would help you if I had time!
  • If I were the teacher I would give lots of homework every day!
  • What would you buy if you won a lot of money?
  • If you bought a calculator, you wouldn't have to borrow mine all the time!
  • If you didn't eat so much junk food, you would be a lot fitter!
  • I would be much happier if you didn't do that!
The past simple (conditional 2) is used in these sentences to express the idea of something that is not true or that the speaker thinks is unlikely to happen. So, in the first 3 sentences above, the interpretations would be:

The Present Simple Tense

1. Repeated actions
2. Simple statements of fact
3. World truths
4. With verbs of the senses and mental processes
5. In jokes and story telling
6. To refer to the future

Repeated actions

The present simple tense is very often used with adverbs of repeated time. Look at these examples (the adverbs are shown in bold):
  • always come to school by car.
  • She frequently arrives here before me.
  • He never forgets to do his homework.
  • often catch the late bus home.
  • I play football on Saturdays.
  • Once a year I fly back to visit my family in Korea.
  • The classrooms are cleaned every evening after school.
  • She sometimes loses her temper, but it doesn't happen veryoften.
  • Do you ever eat in the cafeteria?
  • Does your father speak English every day?

Simple statements of fact

When we want to state a fact or ask a question without any time reference, we use the present simple tense.
  • I live in Frankfurt.
  • She plays football but she doesn't play tennis.
  • For breakfast he eats rice and drinks cold milk.
  • She works very hard.
  • My friend speaks four languages.
  • It rains a lot in Germany.
  • I don't like horror films!
  • Do you smoke?
  • Does your sister have any children?
  • How much does it cost to buy an apartment in Frankfurt?

World truths

Statements about rules of nature and the way the world is are in the present simple tense.
  • The sun sets in the West.
  • Most babies learn to speak when they are about two years old.
  • Water boils at 100° Celsius.
  • Trees lose their leaves in the fall.
  • Few people live to be 100 years old.
  • Wood floats on water.
  • Does it snow in the Sahara desert?
  • Do elephants live longer than humans?
  • Money doesn't guarantee happiness.
  • Flowers don't grow in the winter.

Verbs of the senses and mental processes

The present simple tense is used for many verbs of thinking, feeling and sensing. The most common words are:
likelovepreferknowunderstand
hateneedwantbelieveremember
seeheartastesmelllook
  • She likes it in Germany.
  • I love lying in bed late on Sunday mornings.
  • I need to know right now.
  • She says she doesn't know who did it, but I don't believe her.
  • He doesn't want to speak to you again.
  • This doesn't taste very good, does it?
  • Do you remember the first time we met?
  • Do you smell something funny?
  • Does he understand which way to go?

In jokes, anecdotes and film or book summaries

The present simple tense is very often used in jokes and when telling a story to make the joke or story seem more immediate.This use of the present tense is sometimes called the graphic present.
The present simple is also used to retell what happens in a book or film.
  • So in he walks with a parrot on his shoulder.
  • In his new film Robert Redford plays the part of a brave cowboy.

To refer to the future

The present simple is often used to refer to future events that are scheduled (and outside of our control).
  • Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.
  • I leave Frankfurt at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive in New York
  • at midnight the next day.
  • She has a piano lesson after school today.
  • There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for another 30 minutes.
  • When does the meeting begin?

Source:
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/pressimp.htm

Istilah-istilah Perhotelan

  1. Jenis Kamar. Kamar hotel biasanya dibagi dalam beberapa jenis menurut ukuran ruangannya. Kamar paling kecil biasanya disebut standard-room, superior, deluxe, suite dan presidential. Tidak ada ukuran baku jenis kamar untuk tiap-tiap hotel, tapi biasanya ukuran kamar tidak jauh berbeda untuk kelas yang sama pada hotel dengan rating yang sama. Kamar superior di semua hotel bintang 5 memiliki ukuran yang hampir sama, tapi kamar superior di hotel bintang 3 bisa jadi memiliki ukuran yang lebih kecil.
  2. Tempat tidur (bed). Biasanya dikenal sebagai double-bed dan twin bed. Double bed adalah 1 tempat tidur besar dapat dipakai berdua, biasa disebut juga king-size. Sedangkan pada kamar twin-bed akan terdapat 2 tempat tidur dengan ukuran lebih kecil (cukup 1 orang).
  3. Kamar mandi. Biasanya tersediabath-tub ataushower. Untuk hotel dengan rating bintang 4 & 5 bath-tub adalah keharusan. Untuk bintang di bawahnya hanya disediakan shower.
  4. Rate. Terdapat beberapa istilah rate hotel, ada rack-rate/publish rate, ada promo rate. Rack Rate/publish rate adalah tarif resmi hotel, namun dalam praktiknya tarif yang diberlakukan di bawah publish rate. Sebaiknya ditanyakan juga apakah sudah nett atau++. Tarif nett berarti Anda hanya membayar sejumlah tarif tersebut. Sedangkan ++ berarti tarif tersebut masih harus ditambahkan pajak dan service yang besarnya untuk Indonesia adalah 21%, dan bisa berbeda-beda  untuk hotel di luar negeri.
  5. Block-out Date. Jika Anda memesan kamar online istilah ini sering digunakan untuk menandakan tanggal-tanggal tertentu dimana kamar tidak bisa dipesan melalui online atau travel biro.
  6. High/Peak Season Surcharge. Tarif kamar biasanya ditentukan 6 bulan atau 1 tahun sebelumnya. Untuk kondisi ramai tamu biasanya hotel mengenakan biaya tambahan sebesar nilai tertentu. High season surcharge ini biasanya ditambahkan saat libur sekolah. Sedangkan Peak season surcharge dikenakan saat libur lebaran, atau tahun baru.
  7. Breakfast. Saat pemesanan kamar sebaiknya ditanyakan apakah harga termasuk dengan sarapan dan untuk berapa orang. Kode R/O atau Room Only merupakan penanda bahwa harga kamar tidak termasuk sarapan.
  8. Check-in Time & Late Check-out Time. Check-in Time adalah jam dimana tamu sudah diperbolehkan melakukan checkin. Check-in time ini juga bervariasi dan sangat situasional, artinya di saat banyak kamar kosong Anda masih dimungkinkan check-in jam 9 pagi. Check-in time rata-rata adalah antara jam mulai jam 1 atau 2 siang. Check-out time adalah jam dimana Anda sudah harus meninggalkan hotel di hari terakhir menginap. Biasanya berkisar jam 11 s/d 12 siang. Seperti halnya check-in time, check-out time juga situasional dan tergantung kebijakan masing-masing hotel. Bahkan beberapa hotel masih memberi kelonggaran late check-out hingga 3 sore. Tapi jika semua kamar sudah terpesan maka Anda harus segera bergegas check-out sesuai batas waktu. Dan yang terpenting adalah jam berapapun Anda check-in jam check-outnya tetap tidak berubah. Check-in jam 10 malam, jam check-outnya tetap jam 11 atau 12 keesokan hari.
  9. Walk-In guest. Adalah tamu-tamu yang langsung datang ke hotel tanpa reservasi sebelumnya. Hotel biasanya memberikan tarif normal untuk tamu langsung ini. Namun jika beruntung Anda malah akan mendapatkan tariff kamar lebih murah, terutama jika hotel dalam kondisi sepi tamu.
Jenis-jenis kamar yang biasanya digunakan di hotel :
  • Standard Room. Inilah jenis kamar dengan ukuran paling kecil dengan fasilitas terbatas. Biasanya hanya berisi tempat tidur, kamar mandi dengan shower, sepasang kursi dan meja kecil, TV, dan meja rias kecil.
  • Run of House (ROH). Kamar jenis ini bisa diartikan kamar terakhir yang tersedia. Kamar jenis ini memiliki view paling tidak menarik, jauh dari fasilitas hotel. Kamar ROH biasanya ditawarkan dengan harga paling murah.
  • Superior Room. Kamar ini berukuran di atas Standard Room. Kamar mandi lebih luas dan biasanya sudah dilengkapi dengan bath-up. Disamping fasilitas yang ada di kamar standar, beberapa hotel masih menambahkan sofa, meja rias, pengering rambut, mesin pembuat kopi.
  • Deluxe Room. Dibandingkan Superior Room, kamar jenis ini hanya sedikit lebih luas dan fasilitasnya cenderung sama dengan Superior Room.
  • Suite. Yang membedakan kamar ini adalah adanya ruangan lain disamping kamar tidur dan kamar mandi. Ruangan lain ini seperti ruang tamu dengan beberapa kursi atau sofa. Nah karena ada ruang tambahan ini maka luas kamar lebih besar dibandingkan Superior/Deluxe Room. Beberapa hotel masih membagi lagi Suite Room menjadi Junior Suite, Business Suite atau Executive Suite.
  • Presidential. Inilah kamar terluas dibandingkan dengan jenis kamar lainnya. Pada dasarnya ini masuk kategori Suite Room dengan luas dan fasilitas paling lengkap. Kamar jenis ini hampir menyerupai rumah. Tidak semua hotel memiliki kamar jenis ini, hanya hotel-hotel mewah bintang 5 yang menyediakannya, itupun hanya beberapa unit saja. Beberapa hotel menempatkan Presidential Suitenya dekat dengan fasilitas pendaratan helikopter (helipad) dan memiliki pemenadangan terbaik yang dimiliki hotel.
  • Connecting roomsDua atau lebih kamar dengan yang memiliki akses (pintu) satu sama lain, sehingga penghuni kamar tidak perlu keluar koridor untuk memasuki kamar sebelahnya.
  • Adjoining RoomsKamar yang terletak bersebelahan tanpa dihubungkan pintu (connecting door) di antara kamar.
Selain hotel juga dikenal istilah-istilah lainnya, yang biasanya dibedakan karena konsep penginapannya, lokasi :
  • Guest House, sesuai namanya tempat ini menyerupai rumah dengan beberapa kamar. Beberapa kamar disewakan dengan penggunaan bersama untuk dapur, ruang tamu dan ruang-ruang lainnya. Pemilik rumah ada juga yang tinggal disini.
  • Villa atau Cottage. Secara fisik sebenarnya merupakan hotel dengan beberapa rumah dalam satu kawasan. Bangunan rumah terpisah dari unit lainnya. Lokasinya biasanya tidak berada di kawasan padat. Biasnya menawarkan suasana yang lebih tenang. Layanan kamar disediakan seperti halnya hotel, bahkan untuk villa mewah disediakan petugas tersendiri untuk tiap-tiap unit villa.
  • Homestay. Sebenarnya mirip dengan guest-house hanya biasanya pemilik rumah tinggak bersama tamu. Homestay biasanya dimiliki pribadi.
  • Inn/Lodge. Merupakan penginapan sederhana dan terletak dipinggir kota atau tempat transit. Tidak menyediakan banyak fasilitas.
  • Bed & Breakfast. Adalah hotel dengan fasilitas hanyalah untuk tidur dan sarapan saja. Istilah ini masih kurang populer di Indonesia tetapi di luar negeri sudah banyak digunakan.
  • Budget Hotel. Adalah hotel dengan fasilitas terbatas dan biasanya berada di tengah kota.
  • Hostel. Hotel sederhana yang biasanya digunakan tamu rombongan. Satu kamar bisa diisi 4 orang bahkan lebih. Fasilitasnya sederhana dengan kamar mandi biasanya di luar kamar. Hostel ini yang biasanya digunakan untuk rombongan study-tour.
  • Dormitory/Barak. Penginapan jenis ini biasanya terdiri dari ruangan besar dengan banyak tempat tidur, bahkan bertingkat. Tamu akan berbagi fasilitas, baik kamar mandi, TV. Jika memesan kamar jenis dorm/barak dihitung berdasarkan jumlah orang bukan per kamar lagi. Dormitory ini sangat diminati oleh para backpackers karena biaya inap yang murah.
Agar mendapatkan layanan maksimal Anda juga perlu mengenali tugas pegawai .
  • Resepsionis. Karyawan hotel ini melayani tamu untuk check-in maupun check-out. Untuk hotel besar resepsionis bekerja 24 jam dengan 2 atau 3 shift.
  • Concierge. Karyawan hotel yang memiliki tugas dasar sebagai penghubung tamu dengan hotel terutama terkait fasilitas, pelayanan, dan kegiatan. Concierge mudah dijumpai di area pintu masuk.
  • Doorman. Karyawan yang bertugas membuka dan menutup pintu masuk hotel.
Dengan mengenali istilah-istilahnya kejadian salah kamar bisa dihindarkan. Istilah-istilah itu juga biasa digunakan jika memesan kamar hotel melalui travel online. Happy Check-In!

Sumber:
http://totosp.wordpress.com/2009/07/14/kenali-dulu-istilahnya-sebelum-memesan-kamar-hotel/